Riemann surface
matlab
无需担心！我们的原子物理代写专家团队将专业地解决您在原子物理学习中遇到的各种挑战。我们拥有广泛的专业知识和丰富的经验，可以协助您完成高水平的作业和论文，确保您在学习道路上顺利前行！
以下是一些我们可以帮助您解决的问题：
原子结构与能级：涵盖原子结构和能级的概念、性质和计算方法，如玻尔模型、量子力学描述等。
原子光谱：研究原子光谱的产生、分析和应用，如发射光谱、吸收光谱等。
原子碰撞与散射：常见的原子碰撞与散射过程的理论和计算方法，如散射截面、碰撞动力学等。
原子物理与量子力学：介绍原子物理与量子力学的关系和应用，如角动量理论、量子力学中的原子系统等。
原子能级的统计与分布：研究原子能级的统计特性和能级分布的计算与分析，如费米-狄拉克统计、玻尔兹曼统计等。
原子与分子的相互作用：介绍原子与分子相互作用的物理机制和理论模型，如范德华力、化学键等。
原子物理在材料科学中的应用：探讨原子物理在材料科学中的应用，如半导体物理、表面科学等。
无论您面临的原子物理问题是什么，我们都会竭尽全力提供专业的帮助，确保您的学习之旅顺利无阻！
Give an example of a metastable state in hydrogen. Why is it metastable? Label this state as appropriate for $L S$ coupling (4)
Answer: The 2 s electron configuration of hydrogen is metastable. It is metastable because it is not the ground state (or lowest energy state) $1 \mathrm{~s}$ and given time it will decay to the ground state but at a rate much slower than say $2 \mathrm{p}$. The reason for this is that the selection rules for electric dipole radiation state that $\Delta \ell= \pm 1$. The transition from the $\ell=02 \mathrm{~s}$ state to the $\ell=0$ is state would have $\Delta \ell=0$ so it cannot decay by electric dipole radiation.
In the $L S$ coupling scheme this state would be labelled $2 \mathrm{~s}^2 \mathrm{~S}_{1 / 2}$.
Answer: Fine structure arises from an extension of the Hamiltonian to include relativistic effects. A proper solution would involve the Dirac equation but it possible to class them as the relativistic mass correction, spin-orbit interaction, and Darwin term (for $\ell=0$ states). (Note: the Lamb shift is not predicted by the Dirac equation; you need to quantize the electric and magnetic fields as well to calculate it).Our studies of relativity have told us that the first order relativistic corrections are on the order of $\frac{v^2}{c^2}$ (consider the $\gamma$ factor of special relativity). The inner electrons in lead move much faster than they do in hydrogen so we expect larger corrections. We also expect relativistic corrections to break the degeneracy with respect to $\ell$ (recall our discussion of Sommerfeld’s ellipitical orbits). That is exactly what we see in Fig. 1.3. The innermost or $K$ shell with $n=1$ only permits $\ell=0$. The $n=2$ or $L$ shell can have $\ell=0$ or $\ell=1$ and the degeneracy is broken. The overall splitting is between 3 and $4 \mathrm{keV}$. (I believe that the 3 levels correspond to a Lamb shifted $2 \mathrm{~S}{1 / 2}, 2 \mathrm{P}{1 / 2}$, and $2 \mathrm{P}_{3 / 2}$. Remember they are flipped upside down on this diagram.)
E-mail: help-assignment@gmail.com 微信:shuxuejun
help-assignment™是一个服务全球中国留学生的专业代写公司
专注提供稳定可靠的北美、澳洲、英国代写服务
专注于数学，统计，金融，经济，计算机科学，物理的作业代写服务